Journal articles: 'Cow. [from old catalog]' – Grafiati (2024)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A 72-year-old woman was hospitalized for Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus meningitis. The same organism was cultured from her two horses. She denied contact with horses, but had a practice of consuming unpasteurized milk from a cow. The cow was in the same stable as the horses, and the ill woman's son milked the cow.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The clinical, pathological, and immunohistochemical findings associated with a vagin*l leiomyosarcoma in a 12-year-old, Senepol breed of cow from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais are described. The animal had a large ulcerative neoplastic growth that originated between the base and the left-lateral vagin*l wall. Histopathology revealed a tumor formed by muscle-like cells that demonstrated cellular pleomorphism, anisokaryosis, prominent and multiple nucleoli, with rare tumor giant cells. The neoplastic growth invaded adjacent adipose tissue, and contained areas of hemorrhage with discrete accumulations of inflammatory cells. By immunohistochemistry, most neoplastic cells expressed actin, while immunoreactivity to desmin was weakly expressed. These findings support a diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, and represent the first description of a bovine vagin*l leiomyosarcoma from Brazil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Data on body measurements like BL (body length), CG (chest girth), WH (wither height) TM (test day milk production), PM (peak milk production), LP (lactation period), CFDC (cost for concentrate feed before test day milk production per cow), GGU (green grass used before test day milk production per cow) and husbandry practices, were collected from a total of 100 dairy cattle at the villages of Islampur upazila under the district of Jamalpur in Bangladesh from January to February 2017. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software. The highest BL, CG, WH, CFDC and GGU were 175.71±0.42 cm, 161.74±0.24 cm,123.82±0.11 cm 125.54±0.24 bdt/cow/day and 27.29±0.89 kg/cow/day, respectively. The highest amounts of TM, PM and LP were 9.36±0.60 liter/cow, 13.11±0.54 liter/cow and 247.14±1.47 days/cow, respectively. BL, CG and WH increased with increased of the age of crossbred cattle up to 150 months of old. Similarly, CFDC and GGU increased with the increased of the age of crossbred cattle up to 150 months of old. Farmers in the study area were not interested to keep breeding bulls for breeding purpose but they were using artificial insemination system to inseminate their cows and aware about production performance record of the inseminating bull. Farmers took health services from milk vita and sold milk to the same. They believed that dairy cattle rearing a profitable livelihood. TM, PM and LP increased with the increased of the age of crossbred cattle up to 150 months of old. However, increase of CFDC will increase TM, LP and PM but increase of GGU will increase only LP. On the other hand increase of CG will increase TM and increase of BL will increase LP and PM.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.4(2): 91-98, August 2017

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The data were obtained from cow calf pairs and replacement heifers grazing summer pastures in northwest Alberta. The objectives were to study the association of age, weight, condition score, cow and calf gain on the prevalence, intensity and severity of hoof (sand) cracks and to determine if such cracks affected cow and calf average daily gain. Cows that had cracks were 1.5 yr older, 43 kg heavier and fatter than cows that showed no cracks. The prevalence of sand cracks was 20–21%. Whereas 3.4% of cows and heifers which were 1 and 2 yr old had cracks, 32.4% of the 3- to 5-yr old and 47.9% of the > 5-yr-old cows had cracks (P < 0.0001). Similarly while 8.4% of the lighter (< 522 kg) cows had cracks, 32.3% of the heavier (> 522 kg) cows had cracks (P = 0.003). Discriminant analysis showed that cows with cracks were older, heavier and fatter at the end of the grazing period. Age of cow, weight and fatness had no effect on intensity or severity of cracks. The presence or absence of cracks had no effect (P > 0.05) on cow or calf gains on pasture. Key words: Hoof cracks, prevalence, intensity, severity, age, weight, fatness

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We present a case of perivulvar squamous cell carcinoma in an 8-year-old crossbred Simmental cow. A tumoral mass, of considerably large volume localized in the perivulvar region and growing at a slow pace, was detected in the animal. The mass, subsequently identified histopathologically and immunohistochemically as squamous cell carcinoma, was surgically excised from the perivulvar region using intrathecal anesthesia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

While human milk is the optimal food for infants, formulas that contain ruminant milk can have an important role where breastfeeding is not possible. In this regard, cow milk is most commonly used. However, recent years have brought interest in other ruminant milk. While many similarities exist between ruminant milk, there are likely enough compositional differences to promote different effects in the infant. This may include effects on different bacteria in the large bowel, leading to different metabolites in the gut. In this study sheep and cow milk were digested using an in vitro infant digestive model, followed by fecal fermentation using cultures inoculated with fecal material from two infants of one month and five months of age. The effects of the cow and sheep milk on the fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and other metabolites were investigated. Significant differences in microbial, SCFA, and metabolite composition were observed between fermentation of sheep and cow milk using fecal inoculum from a one-month-old infant, but comparatively minimal differences using fecal inoculum from a five-month-old infant. These results show that sheep milk and cow milk can have differential effects on the gut microbiota, while demonstrating the individuality of the gut microbiome.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The Natufians of the southern Levant (15,000–11,500 cal BP) underwent pronounced socioeconomic changes associated with the onset of sedentism and the shift from a foraging to farming lifestyle. Excavations at the 12,000-year-old Natufian cave site, Hilazon Tachtit (Israel), have revealed a grave that provides a rare opportunity to investigate the ideological shifts that must have accompanied these socioeconomic changes. The grave was constructed and specifically arranged for a petite, elderly, and disabled woman, who was accompanied by exceptional grave offerings. The grave goods comprised 50 complete tortoise shells and select body-parts of a wild boar, an eagle, a cow, a leopard, and two martens, as well as a complete human foot. The interment rituals and the method used to construct and seal the grave suggest that this is the burial of a shaman, one of the earliest known from the archaeological record. Several attributes of this burial later become central in the spiritual arena of human cultures worldwide.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AbstractSince the establishment of the Hipparcos Catalog as the defining source of the optical reference frame, densification beyond its ≈ 120,000 stars has been made possible by the utilization of the Tycho-1 Catalog. The ACT, combining the old Astrographic Catalog (AC) data with the Tycho-1 positions, is the best known example of this. The Tycho-2 consortium, led by E. Høg, has performed new reductions on the Tycho data. This not only has increased the astrometric and photometric accuracies of the original 1 million Tycho-1 stars, but also has added an additional 1.5 million stars. The U.S. Naval Observatory led the effort to compute the proper motions of these 2.5 million stars. They are based not only on the AC data but also include over 140 other ground-based catalogs, all directly reduced to the Hipparcos system. The result of these efforts is the Tycho-2 Catalog, available since February 2000. Positions, proper motions, and BT and VT magnitudes are given for 2.5 million stars. The catalog is 99% complete to V=11.0, and 90% complete to V=11.5. Positional accuracies at the mean epochs vary from < 10 mas for stars V < 9 to just under 100 mas for V > 12. Proper motion accuracies are estimated to be 1.3 mas/year to 3.0 mas/year for the same magnitude ranges. Photometric accuracies range from 0.02 magnitudes for the brightest stars to 0.25 magnitudes for the faintest.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The experiment evaluated the meat yield of prepared beef cuts, bone and trimmings of steer and culled cow carcasses. Culled 72-month-old Braford cows, 496 kg live weight and 36-month-old steers, 494 kg live weight were used, all from the same herd and finished on ryegrass pasture. A randomized complete design, with two treatments and 15 replications, was used. Hot carcass weight was lower for cows (248 kg) than for steers (263 kg). Steer carcasses presented better conformation, lower chilling loss, shorter (128.6 vs. 137.7 cm), with longer and thicker limbs compared to cows and similar fat finishing. Steer carcasses showed, compared to cow carcasses, always in the same order, similar side cut yield (13.5 vs. 13.4%), higher forequarter yield (38.4 vs. 37.2%), and lower hindquarter yield (48.1 vs. 48.9%), resulting lower yields of the sub-primal cuts full rump and sirloin, lower rump UK trim, rump tail and striploin. Steer and cow carcasses were similar in total yield of prepared meat cuts (77.8 vs. 77.6%), discarded bone (17.4 vs. 17.9%), discarded trimmings (4.54 vs. 4.09%), and losses inherent to the deboning process (0.34 vs. 0.34%). The results showed that cow carcasses are longer, have shorter and thinner limbs, have higher hindquarter and lower of forequarter yields, but the total yield of prepared meat cuts were similar between cow and steer carcasses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A 3-yr-old Dexter cow and her yearling Dexter heifer calf exhibited polydactyly. Neither animal was linebred within 5 generations. This cow-calf pair represented the first reported occurrence of polydactyly in Dexter cattle in the US or abroad. Based upon external examination, the cow was classified as having a spontaneous unilateral case of polydactyly with an extra digit along the medial digit of the right front limb and the heifer was classified as having bilateral polydactyly because both front limbs exhibited an extra digit along the medial digit. Radiographic examination confirmed bilateral status of the heifer and revealed bilateral status of the cow. The front feet of the cow and heifer had extra bone formation consistent with an extra digit along the medial digit. Neither animal suffered from limited mobility to date or required hoof treatments. The cow produced a second calf from a different sire, a bull calf that did not appear polydactylous per external examination and was not examined radiographically. The two polydactylous animals will remain in the breeding herd to produce more study calves unless their fitness becomes compromised. Genetic aspects of the cases are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

We present a case of infective endocarditis caused byStreptococcus dysgalactiaesubsp.dysgalactiae, a major cause of bovine mastitis and previously thought to be an animal-restricted pathogen. The patient reported no direct contact with animals, and the clinical course was severe and complicated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

During a search for xylan-degrading micro-organisms, a sporulated bacterium was recovered from recent and old cow dung and rectal samples. The isolates were identified as members of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. According to the results of phylogenetic analysis, the most closely related species was Paenibacillus azoreducens. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses and DNA–DNA hybridization experiments also showed that the isolates belonged to a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus. The novel species is a facultatively anaerobic, motile, Gram-variable, sporulated rod. The spores of this rod-shaped micro-organism occur in slightly swollen sporangia and are honeycomb-shaped. The main fatty acid is anteiso-branched C15 : 0. Growth was observed with many carbohydrates, including xylan, as the only carbon source and gas production was not observed from glucose. The novel species produces a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes, such as xylanases, cellulases, amylases, gelatinase, urease and β-galactosidase. On the contrary, it does not produce caseinase, phenylalanine deaminase or lysine decarboxylase. According to the data obtained in this work, the strains belong to a novel species, for which the name Paenibacillus favisporus sp. nov. is proposed (type strain, GMP01T=LMG 20987T=CECT 5760T).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

As one of the Local wisdom in Aceh, farmer prefers raising polled cow than horned cow for breeding purposes. They believe pole cow is more resilient in harsh conditions and reproductively better than the horned cow. The aim of this study was to evaluate blood profile and blood biochemistry of the aceh polled and horned cow. The blood profile examined includes erythrocyte value, erythrocyte indices MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume), MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin), MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), thrombocyte, leukocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin, while blood biochemistry includes protein total, glucose, cholesterol, and ureum. Blood was collected from 15 aceh horned and 15 pole cow raised at Research Institute of Improved Livestock and Livestock Fodder (BPTU HPT) Indrapuri, Aceh Besar regency, province of Aceh, Indonesia. The cows were clinically healthy and aged 1,5-2,5 years old. Blood profile was measured using a hematology analyzer and blood biochemistry was measured using a Yuesen Med and Spectrophotometer. Based on the statistic analysis, blood profile and blood biochemistry of the aceh horned and polled cow on all parameters showed no significant difference (p>0,05). It is therefore concluded that there are no different value of blood profile and blood biochemistry between polled and horned cow.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AbstractMajor advances in our understanding of the Universe have historically come from dramatic improvements in our ability to accurately measure astronomical quantities. The astrometric observations obtained by modern digital sky surveys are enabling unprecedentedly massive and robust studies of the kinematics of the Milky Way. For example, the astrometric data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), together with half a century old astrometry from the Palomar Observatory Sky Survey (POSS), have enabled the construction of a catalog that includes absolute proper motions as accurate as 3 mas/year for about 20 million stars brighter than V=20, and for 80,000 spectroscopically confirmed quasars which provide exquisite error assessment. We discuss here several ongoing studies of Milky Way kinematics based on this catalog. The upcoming next-generation surveys will maintain this revolutionary progress. For example, we show using realistic simulations that the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) will measure proper motions accurate to 1 mas/year to a limit 4 magnitude fainter than possible with SDSS and POSS catalogs, or with the Gaia survey. LSST will also obtain geometric parallaxes with accuracy similar to Gaia's at its faint end (0.3 mas at V=20), and extend them to V=24 with an accuracy of 3 mas. We discuss the impact that these LSST measurements will have on studies of the Milky Way kinematics, and potential synergies with the Gaia survey.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Aim: The aims of this study were first to estimate calcification in the esophagus and abomasum of cows and second to quantify its appearance with increasing age using histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Materials and Methods: Esophageal and abomasal samples from 24 healthy cows (Bos taurus) were collected. Hematoxylin and eosin, alizarin red, and von Kossa stains were used for histopathological analysis. Histopathological changes were confirmed with immunohistochemical staining, followed by digital image analysis. Results: Histological findings revealed the esophagus and abomasum wall comprised four fundamental layers, the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa or adventitia. At 1 year old, calcification was beginning to appear as fine diffused points in mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis of both esophagus and abomasum, appearing as small spots at 2 years old. With advancing age in all animals, this calcification began to appear as medium spots spread throughout all wall layers of these organs at 3 years old. By 4 years old, calcification had evolved into large dark foci spread substantially throughout the tunica submucosa and tunica muscularis. Immunohistochemical results exhibited positive immunoreaction to calcium salts in the esophagus and abomasum layers in all animals, which increased with age. Conclusion: The current study concluded that calcification is a pathological event appearing spontaneously in various types of soft tissue, significantly increasing with age, either because of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia or secondary to other diseases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

To study Lidia cow reproductive apparatus traits, a total of 90 organs were collected after slaughtering the cows from different Bos taurus breeds: (i) Lidia cattle breed - Brava dos Açores population (n=10) and Domecq lineage (n=11); (ii) Holstein Friesian females – 10-14-month-old heifers (n=15); 15-20-month-old heifers (n=10), 21-19-month-old heifers (n=18), and (iii) cows ≥ 30 months (n=26). The length and width were measured for five portions of the female reproductive apparatus (vulva and vagin*, cervix, uterine body, uterine horns and ovaries). One-way ANOVA was performed with Tukey test. The level recognized to assume differences was p<0.05 to less. Differences were not shown between Lidia groups. In general, the Lidia cow reproductive apparatus was small in size that that of the matured cows in terms of all traits, with the exception of cervix rings (5.10 ± 0.17 rings) with p≤0.01 for all the groups (averages ranged from 3.33 ± 0.11 rings to 3.50 ± 0.15 rings). The vulva and vagin* (L= 27.31 ± 0.53 cm; W=2.07 ± 0.14 cm), the uterine body width (3.01 ± 0.18 cm) and the uterine horns (L= 12.24 ± 0.32; W= 1.13 ± 0.10) showed were smaller in size than those of the evaluated heifers from HF breed that ranged in age from 10 to 14 months (p≤0.01). This study was the first to perform a morphometric characterization on the Lidia cow reproductive apparatus, and the results provide useful information for understanding reproductive approaches to be used with this breed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AbstractWith no supplementary feed to cow or calf, a suckler cow can produce a calf of 330 kg at 1 year old worth about £380. At 2.5 cows per ha on an upland farm, the system can be self-sufficient for grass and silage. Overall production can be 820 kg live-weight gain per ha with the use of 250 kg N per ha. This is technically an efficient enterprise. It is also profitable, with a gross margin per ha in excess of £800.Work at Liscombe, in parallel with other centres, has developed to establish minimum healthy diets for the suckler cow whilst producing healthy, fast growing calves. The cow must be fertile and have a long life, producing on average 10 calves. This involves the controlled management of the natural ability of the cow to put on weight quickly in the summer and take it off slowly in the winter.The winter diet of the cow can vary from (1) restricted silage alone, (2) silage plus untreated straw, (3) untreated straw plus concentrate supplement, or (4) treated straw alone. As a result, the enterprise is very flexible.On a hill farm, the cow has a major role to control pasture in a subordinate role to sheep. Because of her role in pasture control, a low margin per cow can be accepted as a direct contribution to sheep production.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The difficulties with the red cow ritual have long exercised readers of the book of Numbers. The ritual in Num 19:1–22 describes how cleansing from corpse impurity is to be effected. A red cow is burned in a manner carefully prescribed in order to produce ash. Mixed with water, the ash is then sprinkled upon the corpse-impure individual on the third and seventh day of his or her impurity. To some of the rabbis and many subsequent interpreters, the automatic efficacy of the rite appears to be tantamount to pagan magic. In addition, it has long been observed that the red cow ritual has a number of anomalies when compared to other rituals in the Old Testament. The red cow is designated a “purification offering”1but is unlike the purification offerings described in Leviticus 4–5 or, indeed, any other sacrifice: the entire animal, including the blood, is burned outside the camp, and the goal of the ritual is the production of ash for the treatment of future and not past impurity.2Finally, there is what Jacob Milgrom describes as the “paradox of the red cow”: the red cow ritual makes the pure impure and the impure pure.3

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

SummaryIn non-human primates, it is difficult to collect sufficient numbers of oocytes for producing identical embryos by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Because of this factor, inter-species SCNT (iSCNT) using heterospecific oocytes is an attractive alternative approach. The objective of this study was to produce iSCNT-derived blastocysts using enucleated cow (Bos taurus) metaphase II oocytes and adult rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) fibroblasts. Ear skin tissue from a 6-year-old male rhesus monkey was collected by biopsy and fibroblasts were isolated. Immature cumulus–oocyte complexes from cow ovaries were collected and matured in vitro in Medium 199. The enucleated oocytes were reconstructed with rhesus monkey fibroblasts and iSCNT embryos were cultured in modified synthetic oviduct fluid in an atmosphere of 5–5.5% CO2 under various conditions (37–39 °C and 5–20% O2) to examine the effects of in vitro culture conditions. Most embryos were arrested at the 8- or 16-cell stage and only three blastocysts were derived in this way using iSCNT from a total of 1153 cultured activated embryos (0.26% production rate). Two of the three blastocysts were used for counting nuclear numbers using bisbenzimide staining, which were 51 and 24. The other iSCNT-derived blastocyst was used to analyse mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) by PCR, and both rhesus monkey and cow mtDNA were detected. Although the development rate was extremely low, this study established that iSCNT using two phylogenetically distant species, including a primate, could produce blastocysts. With improvements in the development rate, it may be possible to produce rhesus monkey iSCNT-derived embryonic stem cell lines for studies on primate nucleus and cow mitochondria interaction mechanisms.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Aims. Questions of how massive quiescent galaxies rapidly assembled and how abundant they are at high redshift are increasingly important in the study of galaxy formation. Looking at these systems can shed light on the processes of galaxy mass assembly and quenching of the star formation at early epochs. In order to address these questions, we aim to identify and characterize massive quiescent galaxies from z ∼ 2.5 out to the highest redshifts at which these systems can be found. The final purpose is to compare the results with the predictions of state-of-the-art semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution. Methods. We defined observer-frame color–color diagrams to optimally select quiescent galaxies at z > 2.5 and applied them to the COSMOS2015 catalog. We refined the spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting analysis for the selected candidates to confirm their quiescent nature, then derived their number density, mass density, and stellar mass functions. Finally, we compared the results with previous observations and some current semi-analytic models. Results. We selected candidates for quiescent galaxies in the redshift range 2.5 ≲ z ≲ 4.5 from the COSMOS2015 catalog by means of two color–color diagrams. The additional SED fitting analysis allowed us to select 128 galaxies, consistent with being massive (log(M*/M⊙)≥10.6), old (ages ≳0.5 Gyr), and quiescent (log(sSFR [yr−1]) ≤ −10.5) objects at high redshift (2.5 < z < 4.5). Their number and mass densities are in fair agreement with previous observations and, if confirmed, show a discrepancy with current semi-analytical models of galaxy formation and evolution, that underpredict the number of massive quiescent systems up to a factor of ∼12 at 2.5 ≤ z < 3.0 and ∼10 at z ∼ 4.0. The evolution of the stellar mass functions (SMFs) of these systems is similar to previous estimates and indicates a disagreement with models, particularly with regard to the shape of the SMF. Conclusions. The present results add further evidence to the possibility that massive and quiescent galaxies can exist out to at least z ∼ 4. If future spectroscopic observations carried out with, for example, the James Webb Space Telecope (JWST), confirm the substantial presence of such a population, further work on modeling the stellar mass assembly, as well as supermassive black hole accretion and feedback processes at early cosmic epochs, is needed to understand how these systems formed, evolved, and quenched their star formation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Interspecies somatic cell nuclear transfer (iSCNT) has alternatively chosen in primate SCNT because of the difficulty in collecting enough oocytes for research. The purpose of this experiment is to produce iSCNT-derived blastocysts using enucleated cow (Bos taurus) metaphase II oocytes and adult rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) fibroblasts. Ear skin tissueofrhesus monkey (male, 6 years old) was collected by biopsy and fibroblasts were isolated. Immature COCs from cow ovaries were collected and matured in vitro in TCM-199. Squish enucleation was done in the presence of bisbenzimide and cytochalasin B. After enucleation, a single rhesus monkey somatic cell was injected into the perivitelline space of an enucleated oocyte through the slit in the zona pellucida made during enucleation. Subsequently, the rhesus monkey somatic cell and cow oocyte membranes were electrically fused. The nonactivated interspecies cloned couplets were cultured for 2 h to allow reprogramming to occur. Then, couplets were activated using a 2-step protocol consisting of treatment with 5 μM ionomycin for 4 to 5 min and subsequently with 2mM 6-DMAP for 4 h. Activated iSCNT embryos were cultured for 10 days inmodified SOF with various conditions (at 37 to39°C, 5 to 5.5% CO2 and 5 to 20% O2) to examine the effects ofIVC conditions. As a results, most embryos were arrested at the 8- to 16-cell stage and only 3 blastocysts were derived from rhesus monkey iSCNT. The blastocyst developmental rate was 0.26% generated from the total IVC activated interspecies embryos (n = 1153). Among the 3 blastocysts, 2 of them were used for counting nuclear number using bisbenzimide staining. The nuclear number of the 2 iSCNT-derived blastocysts was 51 and 24, respectively. The other iSCNT-derived blastocyst was used for analyzing mitochondrial (mt)DNAto confirm that it contained both cow and rhesus monkey mtDNA. As a result, mtDNA from both rhesus monkey and cow were detected inPCR analysis. The band intensity was more dominant for cow mtDNA than for rhesus monkey mtDNA. Although the blastocyst developmental rate is extremely low, it is confirmed that two phylogenetically distant species including primate could develop in vitro until the blastocyst stage by iSCNT. The in vitro developmental system of this rhesus monkey iSCNT-derived blastocysts provides a platform for further improvement of developmental rate and quality of rhesus monkey iSCNT-derived blastocysts. It also provides an opportunity to establish rhesus monkey iSCNT-derived embryonic stem cell lines for study of rhesus monkey nucleus and cow mitochondria interaction mechanisms during early developmental stages. This study was financially supported by the Korean MEST, through the BK21 program for Veterinary Science, and SNU foundation (Benefactor; RNL Bio).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Gaushala management is a specialized profession requiring particular skills relating to the management of cow shelters or gaushalas, which are traditional and ancient Indian institutions that shelter old, unproductive and abandoned cows, The 1800 registered cow shelters in India have managers who are important stakeholders in the management of cows in these unique institutions. It is important to survey the routine management of these shelters and attitudes of the managers towards cow welfare to identify the constraints and welfare issues. We visited 54 shelters in six states of India for a face-to-face structured interview of the managers. Quantitative data collection included questions on demographics, routine management operations, protocols followed in the shelters and attitudes of the managers towards cow welfare. All shelters except one were managed by males, half of them were in the age range of 45–65 years, were university graduates or post-graduates, with 5–15 years shelter management experience, and with the majority having lived in rural areas for most of their lives. Each shelter housed a median of 232 cattle were housed, out of which 13 were lactating cows. The majority of managers vaccinated their animals against endemic diseases like foot and mouth disease, haemorrhagic septicaemia and black quarter (gangraena emphysematosa) and administered endo-and ectoparasiticidal treatments, however, hardly any screened the cattle for brucellosis and tuberculosis. Only 17% of the shelters had in house veterinarians and most cows died of old age, with an annual mortality rate of 14%. The majority of the shelters allowed the cows to reproduce. Access to pasture was available in only 41% of the shelters, while most allowed some access to yards. Most (57%) had limited biosecurity measures, but 82% of the shelters disposed of the carcasses by deep burial on their own premises or through the municipality, with 18% disposing of them in open spaces or nearby creeks. About one half of the shelters maintained records of the protocols followed routinely. Charitable societies ran half of the shelters, mostly through public donations, with accounts audited regularly. Most managers thought that shelter cows’ welfare was important and that they should attempt to improve it. They were less in agreement that their knowledge of animal welfare was adequate. Local support, more moral than financial, was recognized more than government support. Managers perceived cow welfare as important from a religious perspective, citing the mother god and caring for abandoned animals as frequent themes in their definition of cow welfare. Caring for animals, mother and goddess were key elements in managers’ perception of animal welfare. The recommendations arising from this survey include that the shelter managers should be involved in the decision-making process for the welfare of cows in shelters, which is vital for the sustainability of these unique institutions. Welfare could be improved by strict compliance with biosecurity measures and disease surveillance protocols, avoidance of unrestricted reproduction in cows and separation of males and females.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available. Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections. Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed. Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid. Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Context. Developing high-precision ephemerides for Neptunian satellites requires not only the continuation of observing campaigns but also the collection and improvement of existing observations. So far, no complete catalogs of observations of Neptunian satellites are available. Aims. We aim to provide new, precise positions, and to compile a catalog including all available ground-based astrometric observations of Neptunian satellites. The observations are tabulated in a single and consistent format and given in the same timescale, the Terrestrial Time (TT), and reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), including necessary changes and corrections. Methods. New CCD observations of Triton and Nereid were made at Lijiang 2.4-m and Yaoan 0.8-m telescopes in 2013–2019, and then reduced based on Gaia-DR2. Furthermore, a catalog called OCNS2019 (Observational Catalog of Neptunian Satellites (2019 version)) was compiled, after recognizing and correcting errors and omissions. Furthermore, in addition to what was considered for the COSS08 catalog for eight main Saturnian satellites, all observed absolute and relative coordinates were converted to the ICRS with corrections for star catalog biases with respect to Gaia-DR2. New debiasing tables for both the modern and old star catalogs, which were previously not provided based on Gaia-DR2, are developed and applied. Treatment of missing positions of comparison bodies in conversions of observed relative coordinates are proposed. Results. OCNS2019 and the new debiasing tables are publicly available online. OCNS2019 includes 24996 observed coordinates of 11 Neptunian satellites obtained over 3741 nights from 1847 to 2019. All observations are given in TT and ICRS. The star catalog biases are removed, which are significant for Nereid and outer satellites. We obtained 880 (5% of total now available) new coordinates for Triton over 41 nights (1% of total observation nights so far), and 790 (14%) for Nereid over 47 nights (10%). The dispersions of these new positions are about 0.″03 for Triton and 0.″06 for Nereid. Conclusions. OCNS2019 should be useful in improving ephemerides for the above-mentioned objects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Tissues samples collected at necropsy from a 9 year-old Holstein cow were fixed in buffered 10% formalin for histological examination. Macroscopic finding did not reveal typical nodular cutaneous lesions. Vulvar microscopic sections of cutaneous tegument showed mites (Demodex bovis), alone and grouped in hair follicles and sebaceous glands.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract behavior of beef cattle winter grazing rangelands in North Central Montana. A herd of non-lactating commercial Angus cows, n = 205 (yr-1) and n = 203 (yr-2), ranging in age from 1 to 9 yr old, grazed rangeland pastures (586 ha) from mid-October to early January of 2018 and 2019. Cows were grouped into 6 age classes to evaluate the effects of RFI and age on average daily individual supplement intake, CV of supplement intake, and intake rate, as well as changes in body weight and body condition during an 84-day grazing period each year. Additionally, 30 cows were stratified by age and RFI and fitted with Lotek GPS collars each year to record distance traveled and time spent grazing. Change in cow weight differed by year where cows in yr-1 gained 26.3 ± 1.96 kg while cows in yr-2 lost 19.2 ± 1.96 kg during the 84-day grazing period (P &lt; 0.01). Change in BCS exhibited an age × RFI interaction (P = 0.05); however, an analysis within age groups did not result in differences between RFI classifications (P ≥ 0.27). There was an interaction between RFI, age and year related to supplement intake expressed as g∙kg cow bw-1∙d-1 where in year 2, 4-yr-old high RFI cattle consumed less supplement than 4-yr-old low and average RFI cattle (P &lt; 0.01). Supplement intake rate expressed as g∙min-1 also differed by year (P &lt; 0.01), with cows in yr-1 consuming less supplement per minute than in yr-2 (29.9 ± 1.81 and 91.8 ± 1.87). There were no effects of RFI, cow age or year on time spent grazing (P ≥ 0.19) with cows averaging 6.1 ± 0.61 hrs per day grazing. In summary, cow age had an influence on supplement intake, change in weight and body condition, and grazing behavior, while RFI classification had minimal effects.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Milk production, body condition, body weight and individual feed records for 196 2-yr-old heifers and their calves were used to evaluate sources of variation in weaning weight and its two major components, total energy consumption for the year and efficiency of energy use, defined as weaning weight divided by total energy for cow and calf. Four breed groups of cows including 29 Hereford, 73 Simmental × Hereford, 68 Angus × Hereford and 26 Tarentaise × Hereford were represented over the 6-yr period. Long-horn bulls sired the calves in all but the first 2 yr when Angus bulls were used. Sources of variation were evaluated by fixed model least squares and multiple regression analyses. The least squares analysis indicated the Hereford and Angus × Hereford differed only in level of condition both at calving and at weaning, with the Angus cross slightly fatter. The Simmental cross was highest in calving condition and equal to the Angus in weaning condition. The Simmental and Tarentaise crosses were similar and significantly different from the other breed groups in milk production and weaning weight of first calves. The Tarentaise cross was different from the other three groups in cow weight at weaning, cow efficiency and condition at weaning. The Tarentaise cross and Hereford group had lowest total cow and calf energy consumption, with Simmental cross highest and Angus cross intermediate. The Simmental cross achieved a high weaning weight through high energy consumption and slightly above average efficiency, while the Tarentaise group utilized high efficiency along with low energy consumption. The breed of dam by sex of calf interaction was significant for cow efficiency which has some implication for efficiency experiments that depend on group feeding. Standard partial regressions indicated that year followed by cow condition at weaning and milk production were leading sources of variation in weaning weight and efficiency. Year and cow weight at weaning were leading sources for total energy consumption. Cow weight at weaning was of least importance in determining weaning weight and efficiency. Key words: Weaning weight, cow efficiency, energy consumption, beef cattle

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This study evaluated cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, cow serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3-days post-partum using two refractometer methods. Forty-five multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows that were winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following winter grazing supplement intake treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (> -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (> +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system with 8 feeding units. Measurements were obtained from day 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7, 8 and 9 yr). The results of this study suggest that cow age did not interact with supplement intake for colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein, or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer (P < 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In this paper the case of a 2.5-year-old Simmental cow, with suspicion of lumpy skin disease in mid-2017 in Serbia will be presented. Clinical examination revealed numerous nodules of varied size from a few millimeters to approximately 10 centimeters disseminated predominantly on the skin of the udder and the perineum, some of which were coalescing and exulcerated. The general condition of the affected animal was unchanged. According to the results of laboratory analysis, the cow was negative for the presence of antibodies against the bovine leukemia virus, showed a negative reaction in tuberculinization and was vaccinated against lumpy skin disease virus. After the surgical excision of one skin node, the sample tested negative for the genome of lumpy skin disease virus. In order to establish the morphology of the skin lesion, a histopathological analysis was performed. Histopathological analysis showed the infiltration of the corium and subcutaneous tissue by numerous mononuclear cells showing cellular atypia. Suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma was established. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical examination confirmed that the infiltrate contained exclusively CD3-immunopositive cells, suggesting a T-cell origin nonepitheliotropic lymphoma.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The levels of several microbial groups (aerobic mesophilic flora, aerobic psychrotrophic flora, lactic acid bacteria, Micrococcaceae, enterococci, Enterobacteriaceae, and molds and yeasts), and some biochemical parameters were investigated during the manufacture and ripening of four batches of León cow cheese produced from raw milk without the addition of starter cultures. The study of the microbial characteristics of this cheese constitutes the first step towards the establishment of a starter culture which would allow the making of a product both more uniform and safer from the point of view of health. The total microbial counts were high throughout the elaboration and ripening. Almost all the microbial groups reached their maximum counts in curd and afterwards dropped throughout the ripening process. The greatest drop was shown by Enterobacteriaceae, which had disappeared after 3 months of ripening. Lactic acid bacteria were the major microbial group, reaching counts similar to the total aerobic mesophilic flora at all sampling points. Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis dominated in milk (62.5% of the isolates obtained in de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar at this sampling point), curd (82.5% of the isolates obtained at this sampling point) and one-week-old cheese (85% of isolates obtained at this sampling point), while Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei was the most predominant species in eight-week-old cheese (55% of isolates obtained at this sampling point) and twelve-week-old cheese (47.5% of isolates obtained at this sampling point). According to our data, a starter suitable for the production of León cow cheese would be made up of these two species. Some species of Leuconostoc or enterococci could also be added to this starter with the aim of improving the organoleptic characteristics of the final product or to emphasize the characteristics of this variety.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

ABSTRACT A 9-year-old Girolando dairy cow, weighing 400kg, with a history of increased volume in the right parotid region, which extended to the submandibular region, was assisted. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed, and the cytological findings were consistent with malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin (carcinoma). Because of the unfavorable prognosis, the animal was euthanized and submitted to an anatomopathological examination. Samples of the increased parotid and affected lymph nodes were collected for histopathological evaluation. The microscopic changes were accentuated features of anaplasia, moderate cell proliferation, atypical mitotic figures, and necrosis. Stroma ranged from delicate to scirrhous, and the tumor boundaries were not distinct. These findings substantiated the preliminary histomorphological diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma with metastasis in lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical tests were performed with anti-CK Pan (clone AE1AE3), anti-CK HMW (clone 34βE12), anti-CK19 (clone RCK108), anti-vimentin (clone V9), anti-S100 (polyclonal), and anti-androgen (polyclonal) antibodies. The immunophenotype favored the diagnosis of salivary gland adenocarcinoma. Despite the rareness in cattle, salivary gland adenocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diseases that occur with increased volume in the head, lymphadenopathy, drooling, dysphagia, and progressive weight loss.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal neoplasm of endothelial cells that mainly affects dogs and is less common in horses, cattle, goats, pigs, and sheep. In ruminants, however, few cases of hemangiosarcoma have been reported. Although this neoplasm may primarily occur in any tissue, it most often originates in the spleen, liver, heart, and skin. This study reports the clinical and pathological findings of a bovine hemangiosarcoma.Case: A 10-year-old lactating Girolando cow from the municipality of Vassouras/RJ was examinated because of uncontrolled cough and bilateral hemoptysis, loss of appetite, fever, weight loss, severe decline in milk production (a decrease of 28 L), and respiratory wheezing during chest auscultation. We performed a necropsy and collected fragments of various organs which were fixed using 10% buffered formalin and sent to the Pathology Anatomy Sector (SAP) of the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) for routine histological assessment. Macroscopically, large hemorrhagic areas were observed in the lungs, mainly in the cranioventral portion of the pulmonary lobes, multifocal areas of hemorrhages in the liver, and a 10x8x5 cm soft red mass was observed in the spleen. Microscopically, was observed lung proliferation of endothelial cellsarranged in tapes, supported by a collagenous stroma associated with severe multifocal lobular hemorrhage with a large number of siderophages and diffuse and marked edema, and congestion. In the mediastinal lymph node, liver, and spleen, the proliferation of neoplastic endothelial cells equivalent to those described in the lungs was observed. The histologicalsections of liver and tumor spleen were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for von Willebrand factor, in which marking was observed in neoplastic endothelial cells.Discussion: Previously, neoplasms in Brazilian cattle have been presented as case reports or, more recently, as scarce retrospective studies, signifying that hemangiosarcoma is a rare neoplasm in the bovine species. Among several studies, we highlight the one conducted in Rio Grande do Sul with neoplastic lesions found in bovine slaughterhouses, in which onlyone case of hemangiosarcoma was observed in 1.5% (1 of 65) cattle. In addition, similarities were also noted in a study of neoplastic lesions in bovine slaughterhouses in Canada, in which hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 0.3% (4 of 1370) cattle. In the present study, the positive immunostaining of neoplastic endothelial cells was easily identified from von Willebrand factor, also called factor VIII, and is similar to other studies described in the literature. In a serie of twelve cases of vascular tumors in domestic animals (dogs, horses and cattle), 100% were positive for von Willebrand factor and served to distinguish tumors of epithelial or histiocytic origin. Although the clinical signs observed in our case are non-specific, hemoptysis was the most intense signal and the only clinical manifestation that may indicate an important pulmonary lesionthat indicated possible pulmonary neoplasm. Among other diseases, the acute form of Pteridium aquilinum poisoning, thrombocytopenia, anticoagulant rodenticide toxicity and vena cava syndrome might cause hemoptysis, and therefore, should be incorporated in the list of differential diagnoses of neoplasm that occur with pulmonary metastasis. Further, neoplastic and or hemorrhagic diseases affecting cattle should be differentiated of hemangiosarcoma.Keywords: hemangiosarcoma, diseases of cattle, neoplasia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

SummaryA two-and-half-year-old cow was presented with a defect nonunion of the right metatarsal III/IV bone following a severely comminuted open fracture two months previously. The animal underwent open fixation using a 4.5 mm, broad, 10-hole, dynamic compression plate and autogenous cancellous bone graft collected from the contralateral iliac shaft. The animal started partial weight bearing after the third postoperative day and resumed complete weight bearing after the 10th day. Fracture healing was complete and the implants were removed after the 120th postoperative day. Stable fixation by means of a bone plate in conjunction with a cancellous bone graft facilitated complete healing and restoration of the bone column of the defect and the metatarsal fracture. The animal made a complete recovery.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Large numbers of weaner calves destined for meat production in Australia are born to cows grazing low quality pastures and have low growth rates to weaning. A study was undertaken in a New South Wales subtropical coastal area (Grafton, 29°38′S, 152°54′E) to increase these growth rates by supplementing cows to mid lactation and/or their calves up to weaning. This paper reports on the effects of these supplementation regimes on cow production. Cows were either not supplemented or supplemented with cottonseed meal twice-a-week at 4.2 kg/head over 145 days, commencing before the expected start of calving. Calves, depending on their treatment group, either had unrestricted access to a ‘creep’ containing a high-energy, high-protein pellet given from 75 or 150 days old, or had no access at all to ‘creep’ feed. However, all cows and their calves had access to mineral blocks. Cottonseed meal-supplemented cows were heavier (408 v. 362 kg) and had higher condition scores (3.3 v. 2.9 units) than non-supplemented cows when weighed and scanned in November 1996, after all cows had calved, and they maintained these differences until April 1997 when calves were weaned. There was a trend for cows, whose calves had access to a ‘creep’ from 150 days old, to gain weight towards the end of lactation whereas cows from other treatment groups lost weight. Non-supplemented cows had a 3-fold greater daily intake of mineral blocks than cottonseed meal cows (178 v. 61 g/cow) providing them with an additional 9.8 g phosphorus/cow. Cottonseed meal cows were observed to have fewer grazing incidences (60 v. 75% of activities) during supplementation than non-supplemented cows, with grazing instances increasing for all cows during lactation. Cottonseed meal cows whose calves had access to ‘creep’ feed continued to have fewer grazing incidences (74 v. 90%) than other cows 70 days post-supplementation. Milk yield was higher in cottonseed meal cows than in non-supplemented cows (4.8 v. 4.0 kg/day). Following a synchronised insemination program, at the end of cottonseed meal supplementation, the pregnancy rate of formerly cottonseed meal-supplemented cows was twice that (40 v. 20%) of non-supplemented cows. The combination of cottonseed meal supplements and macrominerals from blocks improved cow liveweight, condition score, milk yield and fertility, and was a successful strategy for increasing production from low quality pastures.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Latvian Blue (LZ) cows are kept for a variety of herd colors and because of national cow breed value. Resources of LZ cow breed remained low over the last decade. The aim of the study was to evaluate LZ cow breed linear conformation traits and analyze results in relation to their possession to the gene pool (GF) status and productive lifetime in 2017-2018. Information of the Agriculture Data Center Republic of Latvia (LDC) and linear evaluation in vivo were used. The number of LZ cows registered in LDC in 2017-2018 was 1648 and only 339 cows were gene-pool animals (LZ GF), and 140 of LZ GF animals were culled because of different reasons in 2017-2018. There were registered 544 (190 primiparous of them) closed standard LZ cow lactations in 2009 and only 292 (64 primiparous of them) in 2018. The oldest LZ GF cow was 16.3 years old; 20% of LZ GF cows were more than 10 years old, and only 10% were younger than 5 years. The overall exterior rating was established more than 80 points for 64.4% of the evaluated LZ GF cows. Some LZ GF linear conformation traits did not change significantly (p>0.05) with age – exterior, milking properties and cow’s temperament. Udder parameters, rump and foot angle became worse with animals advancing in age and could be improved by breeding. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were established regarding all parameters of conformation traits among LZ and LZ GF dairy cows except a tendency of larger body depth in LZ GF (p=0.054). In conclusion, the linear conformation traits of LZ cows, despite the presence of genetic influence of other breeds, do not differ significantly from the gene pool animals. Rump angle, udder and teat qualities became worse with age in LZ and LZ GF cows. Legs and hoofs were stable parameters inherited by the LZ offspring.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract Our study was conducted to evaluate the influence of cow age and supplement intake level during gestation on the quality of colostrum at calving, serum IgG levels of the cow at parturition, and serum IgG levels of the calf 3 days post-partum using two on-farm refractometer methods. Forty-five non-lactating multiparous Angus cows were selected from a contemporary group of 300 cows winter grazing northern mixed grass prairie rangelands with free choice protein supplement. Specifically, 15 first service bred cows were selected for each of the following treatment groups: 1) low supplement intake (&gt; -0.75 SD); 2) average supplement intake (± 0.50 SD); 3) high supplement intake (&gt; +0.75 SD). Supplement intakes were measured using 8 feeding stations in a SmartFeed Pro self-feeder system (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) and measurements were obtained from d 164 to 215 of gestation. Cows were further divided by age comparing young (4, 5, and 6 yr) to old (7 and 8 yr). Cow age did not interact with supplement intake for any of the colostrum or blood serum measurements (P ≥ 0.29). In addition, cow age and supplement intake did not influence colostrum Brix %, calf serum total protein taken 3 d post-partum or cow serum total protein taken at birth (P ≥ 0.14). The optical refractometer was found to be a good alternative to the more expensive digital refractometer. When regressing values of the two techniques, they were observed to be correlated (P &lt; 0.01; R = .96). In summary, cow age and supplement intake levels of mature cows during the mid to late stages of gestation did not influence colostrum quality at birth. The lack of colostrum quality differences was likely due to the moderate to good condition of the cows and adequate nutrition 90 d prior to parturition.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

This research was aimed to compare the small and big truncation point proportions intended to evaluate gain values of genetic improvement for Indonesian Local cow breed groups selected for Agrotechnopark (integrated bio-cycle farming system) intensification. Animal live weights were collected from 674 Indonesian grade breed cows kept by local household farmers in North Sulawesi province. Data of cows were corrected by adjusting to six years old ages. All cows were divided into three breed groups with different genetic compositions of Bali breed cow generation (BG) of 207 cows, Ongole grade cow generation (OG) of 189 cows, and Local grade cow generation (LG) of 178 cows. The genetic improvements of BG, OG and LG were analyzed involving selection intensity (i), accuracy of selection (r), and standard deviation (SD) of breed group traits under selection. Results of this study showed that the critical components was genetic development of local grade breeds by choosing small proportion of 10% truncation point for Agrotechnopark intensification of selected elite cows groups among BG, OG and LG populations with the positive live weight gains of 58.6 kg, 23.15 kg, and 28.62 kg per generation, respectively compared with larger percentages of 20% and 30% proportions of truncation points.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The objective of this experiment was to study colostrum yields and immunoglobulin (Ig) concentrations and subsequent calf serum Ig concentrations using mature suckler cows adequately fed pre-partum or severely feed restricted for the last 2 weeks of preganancy and 2 year old replacements heifers.Cows from a Limousin x Friesian spring calving suckler herd were used. There were 3 treatments 1) cows adequately fed pre-partum (second cut grass silage) (n=12) 2) , cows severely feed restricted for 2 weeks pre-partum (straw diet) (n=6) and, 3) two year old heifers calving for the first time and adequately fed (n=6). All animals were offered a suitable mineral/vitamin supplement. Colostrum yield was obtained by hand milking half the udder following an intramuscular oxytocin injection. Colostrum was then sampled. The objective was to feed the calf an allowance of 50g of colostrum /kg bodyweight via stomach tube. Actual colostrum intakes (g/kg bodyweight ± S.E.) were 47 ± 1.4, 48 ± 2.3 and 46 ± 1.9 for treatments 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Following an eight hour period when the calf was prevented from suckling (but left in the presence of the dam) a colostrum sample was obtained (2nd milking), the calf was blood sampled and then allowed to suckle as normal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

In an early archives job, I typed the name and subject entries at the top of card sets we received from the Library of Congress. It was exacting work and I really enjoyed it, including the filing. At a venerable manuscript repository, the cards ranged from the printed ones I placed on top of the rods (to be double-checked before they slipped into their forever homes) and those written in a spidery handwriting that could easily have been 100 years old. It made me feel part of a long tradition of information mavens.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

AbstractModern tasks of high precision astrometry demand optical coordinate systems including more faint stars than are available now in current conventional systems (Hipparcos). For this purpose it is suggested to use old photographic observations accumulated in the Pulkovo Observatory. Extensive observational data have been obtained at Pulkovo Observatory during the last century in the framework of several programs, e.g. Pulkovo Galaxy plan, etc. Observations have been made with the Normal Astrograph from 1894 to the present. The data are investigated with the aim of extending the Hipparcos catalog to stars fainter than 11th magnitude. All available observations are taken into account. A description of the material considered is given. The distribution of the selected plates over the celestial sphere is shown as well. Coordinates of faint stars in the Hipparcos system are calculated for selected areas. The accuracy of computed star coordinates is analyzed. Results of the investigation are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The genus Solenysa Simon, 1894 belongs to Linyphiidae Blackwall, 1859, which is a species-rich group, including 608 genera and 4,571 species (World Spider Catalog 2018). Solenysa currently includes 14 species from China, Japan and the Korean Peninsula (Simon 1894; Namkung 1986; Li & Song 1992; Gao, Zhu & Sha 1993; Tu, Ono & Li 2007; Ono 2011; Tu & Hormiga 2011; Wang, Ono & Tu 2015). The linyphiid phylogeny based on molecular data shows that Solenysa species forms one of the seven main clades within Linyphiidae (Wang et al. 2015). According to the phylogenetic analysis based on morphological data, Tu and Hormiga (2011) divided the genus Solenysa into four species groups, each having a unique genital type comprised by series genital characters. As an old branch with a long evolutionary history, Solenysa spiders have accumulated a long list of synapomorphies (Tu & Hormiga 2011), not only having a unique somatic appearance, but also specific genitalic characters that distinguish them from all other linyphiids.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The metallicity-sensitive (U – G) colors from the new hom*ogeneous catalog of photographic RGU data in seven high-latitude fields have been used to determine the larger-scale metallicity distributions of the Galactic population components. For the thick disk, preliminary analysis based on our best structural models provides a mean metallicity 〈[M/H]〉 = −0.6 ± 0.3dex and a marginal vertical metallicity gradient ≈ −0.1dex/kpc. The observed color distributions are further consistent with the (old) thin disk having mean abundance 〈[M/H]〉 = −0.3 ± 0.2dex and abundance gradient ∂[M/H]/∂z = −0.6dex/kpc.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Abstract This study evaluated how corn supplementation and age of female affected body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rate, and blood metabolites (nonesterified fatty acid [NEFA], β-hydroxybutyrate [BHBA], and blood urea nitrogen [BUN]) when grazing lush spring pasture. Angus and Angus × Simmental beef females (n = 361) were blocked by location, stratified by BW and BCS, and then were assigned to groups (n = 8 groups/treatment combination; 9–14 females/group). The study utilized a stratified, randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The four treatment combinations were: yearling heifers receiving no supplement (CON-H); yearling heifers receiving supplement of dry-rolled corn (SUPP-H; 1.81 kg as-fed/heifer/d) for 42 d; 2-yr-old lactating cow-calf pairs receiving no supplement (CON-C); and 2-yr-old lactating cow-calf pairs receiving supplement of dry-rolled corn (SUPP-C; 1.81 kg as-fed/cow/d) for 42 d. Supplementation began at AI (end of April) when cows began grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea schreb)-red clover (Trifolium pratense) pastures. Pasture forage was collected weekly for analysis. Throughout the study, forage crude protein decreased (P &lt; 0.01) over time, but acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber, dry matter, forage height, and forage mass all increased (P &lt; 0.01) over time. Females receiving SUPP tended (P = 0.10) to have greater BW and greater BW change over the supplementation period. Supplementation × age effects for BCS were detected (P = 0.04); SUPP-H had greater BCS than all other treatment combinations at d 42. Cow BHBA was greater (P &lt; 0.01) compared with heifers. Female NEFA increased (P &lt; 0.01) from d 12 to 42. Control females had greater (P = 0.02) serum NEFA concentrations compared with SUPP females. Control females had greater (P = 0.03) BUN concentrations compared with SUPP females. Cow BUN was greater (P &lt; 0.01) than heifer BUN. Supplementation effects were not detected (P ≥ 0.25) for AI or overall pregnancy rate. In conclusion, there were no supplementation × age interactions excluding d 42 BCS. Supplementation regardless of female age tended to improve d 42 BW and BW change. Cow BHBA and BUN was greater compared with the heifers, whereas the supplemented females had decreased NEFA and BUN. Cows tended to have greater AI pregnancy rates than heifers, but supplementation did not affect AI or overall pregnancy rates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

A case of mycotic bovine nasal granuloma in a 10 year-old Jersey cow, produced by Drechslera halodes is presented. Histopathological sections showed abundant hyaline and pigmented extra and intracellular fungal structures together with a polymorphic cellular granuloma formed by neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasmocytes, histiocytes and giant cells of the Langhans type. It is the first case of mycotic bovine nasal granuloma recognized in Uruguay although this disease seems to be frequent according to the opinion of veterinarian specialists. Another similar clinical case also in a Jersey cow from the same dairy house with an intense cellular infiltrate rich in eosinophils without granulomatous image, together with extracellular hyaline and fuliginous fungal forms, is also referred for comparative purposes. Geotrichum sp. was isolated. The need of an early diagnosis and treatment of the disease is stressed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

The sharp fall in dairy cow numbers which has occurred since the introduction of milk quotas in 1983 has seen a resurgence of interest in the suckler cow. As a result the June 1989 census revealed that the number of heifers under two years old destined for breeding was 6.1 percent up on the previous year. It therefore seems clear that over the next few years as the beef herd expands more emphasis is going to be placed on the young breeding heifer. Problems with breeding from young heifers are well known. However, current knowledge of the effects of pre partum nutrition on heifer and calf performance is incomplete. The purpose of this study was therefore to monitor the effects, of differing patterns of energy intake in mid and late pregnancy in maiden heifers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Causes for cow culling in a tie stall system were investigated on a sample of 3060 cows culled in 2011, on seven large dairy farms in the Belgrade region. The total level of culling was 34.58% of the average number of cows. The number of cows culled decreased with lactation order (from 981 cows in the first to 294 cows in the sixth and later lactations). The most dominant cause for culling were diseases of the legs and hooves (28.4%), as was expected, having in mind the tie stall system. If selection (low production) is abstracted as the reason for culling, what stands out by importance are metabolic diseases (15.7%) and problems of reproduction (reproductive diseases - 8.6%, and difficult calvings and abortions 5.7%). With the increase of duration of the lactation during which cows were culled, reproductive diseases gained importance as the reason for culling, while the importance of metabolic diseases and diseases of the legs and hooves in this context decreased. When culled, on the average, cows were 5.2 years old, having on the average spent 1112 days in production, of which 978 days in milking. Their average milk production per day of milking was 22.00 kg, per day of life 10.6 kg, and per day of production 19.8 kg.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Abstract:

Continues magnetic measurements at the IKIR FEB RAS obser-vatories Magadan (MGD), Paratunka (PET), Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk (YSS), Cape Schmidt (CPS) and Khabarovsk (KHB) and CSIR-NGRI observatories Hyder-abad (HYB) and Choutuppal (CPL) have been started almost since their formation. A significant part of the results obtained is presented in the WDC and INTERMAGNET databases. However, a large amount of raw data remains un-processed and unavailable for using by scientific community. In the past few years, institutes has been making efforts to process and reprocess old magnetic data. Digital images of analog magnetograms of the Observatory Paratunka since 1967 were obtained and the possibility of their use for calculation hourly and minute values of magnetic field elements was evaluated. Old digital data that was available during the conversion from analog to digital magnetometers is processed. The main problem of processing or re-processing archived data is the lack of information (metadata) about the measurement conditions. First of all, these are the results of absolute observations, which are necessary to obtain the values of the elements of the total field vector. In this paper, some technologies are proposed that allow to use the data obtained during processing of analog magnetograms to adjust the digital magnetometers records. A signif-icant problem is the lack or inaccuracy of information about the temperature conditions in the variation pavilion, about magnetometers or support equipment maintenance or about works in and near the pavilions. As we accumulate the experience during the processing of old magnetic data, a “catalog” of noise and its typical images is formed. This makes it more reliable and efficient to identify and remove this noise from records.